| NAATI-certified translation | A translation signed by a NAATI-certified translator with a stamp or digital certification showing the practitioner number | NAATI-certified translator (Australia) | Submissions to Australian authorities: Department of Home Affairs, skills assessing authorities, universities, state agencies | Certifies the translation only — not that the source document is genuine, and it is not Thai consular legalisation |
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| Certified translation by a Thai translator | A translation with the translator's or agency's certificate of accuracy | Translator or translation company in Thailand | Domestic use, or as the base document before MFA legalisation in Thailand | Many Australian authorities will not accept it unless the translator is NAATI-certified |
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| Notarial certification (Thai Notarial Services Attorney) | Certification of a signature, or that a copy is a true copy of the original | Notarial Services Attorney admitted in Thailand | Powers of attorney, affidavits, child travel consents, company documents, certified copies for overseas use | Does not certify that the content is true and does not replace a NAATI translation |
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| Legalisation by the Department of Consular Affairs | Certification of the signature of the issuing officer or of the certifying translator | Department of Consular Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Thailand | The destination requires Thai documents to pass through the MFA before the embassy step | Certifies signatures, not content, and it is not an Apostille |
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| Embassy or consulate certification | The final link in the legalisation chain, applied by the destination country's mission | Embassy or consulate of the destination country | The destination country still requires a further certification after MFA legalisation | Each mission sets its own document list and queue; always check that mission's current notice |
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| Apostille | Certification under the Apostille Convention that replaces multi-layer legalisation between contracting parties | The competent authority of the country that issued the document | A document from one contracting party used in another contracting party | For Thai documents the Convention enters into force on 28 February 2027 (source: HCCH); until then the MFA + embassy chain still applies |
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